Skip to main content

Edgar Dale's Cone of Experience


Edgar Dale's Cone of Experience
Edgar Dale (1900-1985) served on The Ohio State University faculty from 1929 until 1970. He was an internationally renowned pioneer in the utilization of audio-visual materials in instruction. He also made major research contributions in the teaching of vocabulary and testing readability of texts. Jeanne S. Chall, an OSU Ph.D. graduate who went on to become a leading innovator in reading research. Perhaps Professor Dale's most famous concept was called the "cone of experience," a graphic depiction of the relationship between how information is presented in instruction and the outcomes for learners. Dale’s Cone first appeared in his 1946 textbook titled “Audio-Visual Methods in Teaching. This text is the grail for any educator wanting to successfully integrate AV materials into instruction. Dale intentions were not for the Cone to represent all ways of learning but instead to create a visual with which to categorize the progression of AV material usage, from the concrete to abstract experience.
Levels of the cone of experience

Enactive – direct experiences
—  Direct, Purposeful -Direct, first hand experiences. Have direct participation in the outcome. Use of all our senses
—  Contrived-Models and mock-ups like editing of reality. Necessary when real experience cannot be used or are too complicated
—  Dramatized-Reconstructed experiences. Can be used to simplify an event or idea to its most important parts. Divided into two categories
—  Acting – actual participation (more concrete)
—  Observing – watching a dramatization take place (more abstract)
Iconic – pictorial experiences
—  Demonstrations- Visualized explanation of an important fact, idea, or process. Shows how certain things are done.
—  Study trips-Watch people do things in real situations. Observe an event that is unavailable in the classroom.
—  Exhibits- Something seen by a spectator. Two types
—  Readymade: Museum, Career fair etc.
—  Home-made: Classroom project, National History Day competition etc.

—  Educational television- Bring immediate interaction with events from around the world. Edit an event to create clearer understanding than if experienced actual event first hand
—  Motion pictures- Can omit unnecessary or unimportant material. Used to slow down a fast process. Viewing, seeing and hearing experience. It can re-create events with simplistic drama that even slower students can grasp.
—  Recordings, radio, still pictures- Can often be understood by those who cannot read. Helpful to students who cannot deal with the motion or pace of a real event or television
Symbolic – highly abstract experiences
—  Visual symbols- Very little immediate physical action. Difficult only if one doesn’t have enough direct experience to support the symbol. Used at all levels of the Cone in varying importance.
—  Verbal symbols -No longer involves reproducing real situations. Chalkboard and overhead projector the most widely used media. Help students see an idea, event, or process.

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

LIFE SKILL EDUCATION

  LIFE SKILL EDUCATION World Health Organization (WHO) defined Life Skills as "the abilities for adaptive and positive behaviour that enable individuals to deal effectively with the demands and challenges of everyday”. LIFE SKILL EDUCATION According to UNICEF, Life Skills is a behavior change or behavior development approach designed to address balance of three areas: • Knowledge • Attitude • Skills. Life skill has been classified into three broad categories:   • Thinking skills: Thinking skills are the skill that enhances the logical faculty of the brain using an analytical ability, thinking creatively and critically, and developing problem-solving skills and improving decision-making abilities. • Social skills: Social skills include interpersonal skills, communication skills, leadership skills, management skills, advocacy skills, co-operation and team building skills, etc. • Emotional skills: Emotional skills, involves, knowing and being comfortable with ...
Post a Comment
Read more

Trade

Trade Trade is a basic economic concept involving the buying and selling of goods and services, with compensation paid by a buyer to a seller, or the exchange of goods or services between parties. Trade can take place within an economy between producers and consumers.  Trade and commerce have played a vital role in making India to evolve as a major factor in the economic world in ancient times.   Archaeological evidences have shown that trade and commerce was the mainstay of the economy of ancient India carried out by water and land. Trade is an essential part of commerce. It refers to sale, transfer or exchange of goods. It helps in making the goods produced available to the consumers or users. These days’ goods are produced on a large scale and it is difficult for producers to themselves reach out to individual buyers for selling their products. Businessmen are engaged in trading activities to make the goods available to consumers in different markets. In the absence o...
Post a Comment
Read more